🌏 Cross-Cultural Communication — āļāļēāļĢāļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­āļŠāļēāļĢāļ‚āđ‰āļēāļĄāļ§āļąāļ’āļ™āļ˜āļĢāļĢāļĄ

English for Career Growth — āļ āļēāļĐāļēāļ­āļąāļ‡āļāļĪāļĐāđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļāđ‰āļēāļ§āļŦāļ™āđ‰āļēāđƒāļ™āļ­āļēāļŠāļĩāļž

Week 11 · Reported Speech (She said that... / He told me...) · A2 → B1

Cross-Cultural Communication

🎯 āļāļēāļĢāļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­āļŠāļēāļĢāļ‚āđ‰āļēāļĄāļ§āļąāļ’āļ™āļ˜āļĢāļĢāļĄ
What is Cross-Cultural Communication?

🇹🇭 āļ āļēāļĐāļēāđ„āļ—āļĒ

āđƒāļ™āļĒāļļāļ„āđ‚āļĨāļāļēāļ āļīāļ§āļąāļ•āļ™āđŒ āļ„āļļāļ“āļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļ—āļģāļ‡āļēāļ™āļāļąāļšāļ„āļ™āļˆāļēāļāļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāļ§āļąāļ’āļ™āļ˜āļĢāļĢāļĄ āļŠāļīāđˆāļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāļļāļ āļēāļžāđƒāļ™āđ„āļ—āļĒ (āđ€āļŠāđˆāļ™ āļ–āļēāļĄāļ­āļēāļĒāļļ) āļ­āļēāļˆāđ„āļĄāđˆāđ€āļŦāļĄāļēāļ°āđƒāļ™āļ§āļąāļ’āļ™āļ˜āļĢāļĢāļĄāļ­āļ·āđˆāļ™ āļŠāļąāļ›āļ”āļēāļŦāđŒāļ™āļĩāđ‰āđ€āļĢāļēāđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļ™ Reported Speech (āļāļēāļĢāļĢāļēāļĒāļ‡āļēāļ™āļ„āļģāļžāļđāļ”) — āđ€āļžāļĢāļēāļ°āđƒāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ—āļģāļ‡āļēāļ™ āļ„āļļāļ“āļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļĢāļēāļĒāļ‡āļēāļ™āļ§āđˆāļēāļ„āļ™āļ­āļ·āđˆāļ™āļžāļđāļ”āļ­āļ°āđ„āļĢ āđ€āļŠāđˆāļ™ "She said that the deadline was Friday."

🇬🇧 English

In a globalized world, you work with people from many cultures. What is polite in Thailand (like asking someone's age) may be inappropriate in other cultures. This week we learn Reported Speech — because at work, you often need to report what others said: "She said that the deadline was Friday."

🤩 Fun Facts — āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āđ€āļ—āđ‡āļˆāļˆāļĢāļīāļ‡āļ™āđˆāļēāļĢāļđāđ‰

🔹 Asking "How old are you?" is common in Thailand but considered rude in Western business.
āļ–āļēāļĄāļ§āđˆāļē "āļ­āļēāļĒāļļāđ€āļ—āđˆāļēāđ„āļŦāļĢāđˆ?" āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āđ€āļĢāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āļ›āļāļ•āļīāđƒāļ™āđ„āļ—āļĒ āđāļ•āđˆāļ–āļ·āļ­āļ§āđˆāļēāđ„āļĄāđˆāļŠāļļāļ āļēāļžāđƒāļ™āļ˜āļļāļĢāļāļīāļˆāļ•āļ°āļ§āļąāļ™āļ•āļ

🔹 In Reported Speech, present tense shifts back: "I am busy" → She said she was busy.
āđƒāļ™ Reported Speech, present tense āđ€āļĨāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ™āļ–āļ­āļĒāļŦāļĨāļąāļ‡: "I am busy" → She said she was busy.

🔹 In Japan, exchanging business cards is a ceremony. In the US, it is casual.
āđƒāļ™āļāļĩāđˆāļ›āļļāđˆāļ™ āļāļēāļĢāđāļĨāļāļ™āļēāļĄāļšāļąāļ•āļĢāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļžāļīāļ˜āļĩāļāļĢāļĢāļĄ āđƒāļ™āļ­āđ€āļĄāļĢāļīāļāļē āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āđ€āļĢāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āļ˜āļĢāļĢāļĄāļ”āļē

🔹 Reported Speech is essential for meeting minutes: "The manager said that we should..."
Reported Speech āļŠāļģāļ„āļąāļāļŠāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļšāļšāļąāļ™āļ—āļķāļāļāļēāļĢāļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļļāļĄ: "The manager said that we should..."

🧪 Quick Check — āļ•āļĢāļ§āļˆāļŠāļ­āļšāļ”āđˆāļ§āļ™

Test your understanding — āļ—āļ”āļŠāļ­āļšāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļēāđƒāļˆ

0/3

What is "culture" in Thai?

"culture" āđāļ›āļĨāļ§āđˆāļēāļ­āļ°āđ„āļĢ?

āļ§āļąāļ’āļ™āļ˜āļĢāļĢāļĄ
āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļžāļ“āļĩ / āļ˜āļĢāļĢāļĄāđ€āļ™āļĩāļĒāļĄ
āļŠāļļāļ āļēāļž
āļ—āđˆāļēāļ—āļēāļ‡
"culture" = āļ§āļąāļ’āļ™āļ˜āļĢāļĢāļĄ

Which is the definition of "custom"?

āļ„āļģāļ™āļīāļĒāļēāļĄāļ‚āļ­āļ‡ "custom" āļ„āļ·āļ­āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āđƒāļ”?

A traditional practice
Having good manners
The beliefs and customs of a group
None of the above
"custom" (āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļžāļ“āļĩ / āļ˜āļĢāļĢāļĄāđ€āļ™āļĩāļĒāļĄ): A traditional practice

Which grammar topic are we studying this week?

āđ€āļĢāļēāđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļ™āļŦāļąāļ§āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āđ„āļ§āļĒāļēāļāļĢāļ“āđŒāļ­āļ°āđ„āļĢāļŠāļąāļ›āļ”āļēāļŦāđŒāļ™āļĩāđ‰?

Reported Speech (She said that... / He told me...)
Future Perfect
Past Perfect Continuous
Subjunctive Mood
This week we study: Reported Speech (She said that... / He told me...)

📚 āļ„āļģāļĻāļąāļžāļ—āđŒāļŠāļģāļ„āļąāļ
Key Vocabulary

culture
āļ§āļąāļ’āļ™āļ˜āļĢāļĢāļĄ
The beliefs and customs of a group
custom
āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļžāļ“āļĩ / āļ˜āļĢāļĢāļĄāđ€āļ™āļĩāļĒāļĄ
A traditional practice
polite
āļŠāļļāļ āļēāļž
Having good manners
gesture
āļ—āđˆāļēāļ—āļēāļ‡
A movement of the body to communicate
misunderstanding
āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļēāđƒāļˆāļœāļīāļ”
A failure to understand correctly
diversity
āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŦāļĨāļēāļāļŦāļĨāļēāļĒ
Having many different types
etiquette
āļĄāļēāļĢāļĒāļēāļ—
The rules of polite behavior
offend
āļ—āļģāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ‚āļļāđˆāļ™āđ€āļ„āļ·āļ­āļ‡
To make someone upset or angry
taboo
āļŠāļīāđˆāļ‡āļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļŦāđ‰āļēāļĄ
Something not allowed by social custom
stereotype
āļ āļēāļžāļˆāļģ / āļ­āļ„āļ•āļī
A fixed, oversimplified idea about a group
sensitive
āļ­āđˆāļ­āļ™āđ„āļŦāļ§ / āļĨāļ°āđ€āļ­āļĩāļĒāļ”āļ­āđˆāļ­āļ™
Easily affected; needing careful treatment
adapt
āļ›āļĢāļąāļšāļ•āļąāļ§
To change to fit new conditions
norm
āļšāļĢāļĢāļ—āļąāļ”āļāļēāļ™
What is considered normal behavior
tolerance
āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ­āļ”āļ—āļ™ / āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ­āļ”āļāļĨāļąāđ‰āļ™
Accepting differences without judging

🧪 Quick Check — āļ•āļĢāļ§āļˆāļŠāļ­āļšāļ”āđˆāļ§āļ™

Test your understanding — āļ—āļ”āļŠāļ­āļšāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļēāđƒāļˆ

0/3

What does "misunderstanding" mean?

"misunderstanding" āļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāļ–āļķāļ‡āļ­āļ°āđ„āļĢ?

A failure to understand correctly
Having many different types
The rules of polite behavior
To make someone upset or angry
"misunderstanding" = āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļēāđƒāļˆāļœāļīāļ”: A failure to understand correctly

"diversity" in Thai is:

"diversity" āļ āļēāļĐāļēāđ„āļ—āļĒāļ„āļ·āļ­:

āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŦāļĨāļēāļāļŦāļĨāļēāļĒ
āļ—āđˆāļēāļ—āļēāļ‡
āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļžāļ“āļĩ / āļ˜āļĢāļĢāļĄāđ€āļ™āļĩāļĒāļĄ
āļŠāļīāđˆāļ‡āļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļŦāđ‰āļēāļĄ
"diversity" = āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŦāļĨāļēāļāļŦāļĨāļēāļĒ

Which word means: "To make someone upset or angry..."?

āļ„āļģāđƒāļ”āļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāļ–āļķāļ‡: "To make someone upset or angry..."?

offend
gesture
custom
stereotype
The answer is "offend"

📖 āđ„āļ§āļĒāļēāļāļĢāļ“āđŒ: Reported Speech (She said that... / He told me...)
Grammar Focus

📖 Grammar Focus: Reported Speech (She said that... / He told me...)

Tense shift in reported speech — āđƒāļ™ Reported Speech āļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āđ€āļĨāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ™ tense āļ–āļ­āļĒāļŦāļĨāļąāļ‡ 1 āļ‚āļąāđ‰āļ™ â€” present → past
"I am busy." → She said she was busy.
"I will call you." → He said he would call me.
Reporting verbs: said, told, asked — say āđ„āļĄāđˆāļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļĄāļĩ object / tell āļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļĄāļĩ object / ask āđƒāļŠāđ‰āļāļąāļšāļ„āļģāļ–āļēāļĄ
She said (that) the meeting was at 3pm. (āđ„āļĄāđˆāļĄāļĩ object)
She told me (that) the meeting was at 3pm. (āļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļĄāļĩ me)
Reported questions — āļ„āļģāļ–āļēāļĄāđƒāļ™ Reported Speech āđƒāļŠāđ‰āļĨāļģāļ”āļąāļš Statement āđ„āļĄāđˆāđƒāļŠāđˆ Question — āđ„āļĄāđˆāļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļāļĨāļąāļš
"Where is the office?" → He asked where the office was.
"Do you speak English?" → She asked if I spoke English.
Thai tip: Don't invert in reported questions — āļ„āļ™āđ„āļ—āļĒāļĄāļąāļāđ€āļ‚āļĩāļĒāļ™ "He asked where was the office" āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āļœāļīāļ” â€” āđ„āļĄāđˆāļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļāļĨāļąāļšāļĨāļģāļ”āļąāļš
He asked where the office was. ✅ (āļĨāļģāļ”āļąāļš statement)
He asked where was the office. ❌ (āļĨāļģāļ”āļąāļš question — āļœāļīāļ”!)

🚀 āļšāļ—āđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļ™āļ—āļĩāļĨāļ°āļ‚āļąāđ‰āļ™
Step-by-Step Practice

1Reporting Statements — āļāļēāļĢāļĢāļēāļĒāļ‡āļēāļ™āļ„āļģāļžāļđāļ”

Use "She said that..." and shift the tense back one step.
āđƒāļŠāđ‰ "She said that..." āđāļĨāļ°āđ€āļĨāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ™ tense āļ–āļ­āļĒāļŦāļĨāļąāļ‡ 1 āļ‚āļąāđ‰āļ™

2Reporting Questions — āļāļēāļĢāļĢāļēāļĒāļ‡āļēāļ™āļ„āļģāļ–āļēāļĄ

Use "He asked if/whether..." for yes/no questions and "She asked what/where/when..." for wh-questions.
āđƒāļŠāđ‰ "He asked if/whether..." āļŠāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļšāļ„āļģāļ–āļēāļĄ yes/no āđāļĨāļ° "She asked what/where/when..." āļŠāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļš wh-questions

3Cultural Awareness — āļāļēāļĢāļ•āļĢāļ°āļŦāļ™āļąāļāļ—āļēāļ‡āļ§āļąāļ’āļ™āļ˜āļĢāļĢāļĄ

Learn what topics are safe (weather, travel) and what to avoid (age, salary, politics).
āđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļ™āļĢāļđāđ‰āļŦāļąāļ§āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ›āļĨāļ­āļ”āļ āļąāļĒ (āļ­āļēāļāļēāļĻ, āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ”āļīāļ™āļ—āļēāļ‡) āđāļĨāļ°āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ„āļ§āļĢāļŦāļĨāļĩāļāđ€āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ‡ (āļ­āļēāļĒāļļ, āđ€āļ‡āļīāļ™āđ€āļ”āļ·āļ­āļ™, āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļĄāļ·āļ­āļ‡)

4Summarizing Conversations — āļāļēāļĢāļŠāļĢāļļāļ›āļāļēāļĢāļŠāļ™āļ—āļ™āļē

After meetings, report: "The client told us that... The manager asked whether..."
āļŦāļĨāļąāļ‡āļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļļāļĄ āļĢāļēāļĒāļ‡āļēāļ™: "The client told us that... The manager asked whether..."

🌎 āļāļēāļĢāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ‡āļēāļ™āļˆāļĢāļīāļ‡
Real World Application

💼 In Real Life — āđƒāļ™āļŠāļĩāļ§āļīāļ•āļˆāļĢāļīāļ‡

After a meeting with an international client, you need to update your team. You report: "The client said that they were interested in our product. They asked if we could deliver by March. They told me that the budget was flexible."

āļŦāļĨāļąāļ‡āļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļļāļĄāļāļąāļšāļĨāļđāļāļ„āđ‰āļēāļ•āđˆāļēāļ‡āļŠāļēāļ•āļī āļ„āļļāļ“āļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļ­āļąāļžāđ€āļ”āļ—āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ—āļĩāļĄ āļ„āļļāļ“āļĢāļēāļĒāļ‡āļēāļ™: "The client said that they were interested in our product. They asked if we could deliver by March. They told me that the budget was flexible."

🧪 Quick Check — āļ•āļĢāļ§āļˆāļŠāļ­āļšāļ”āđˆāļ§āļ™

Test your understanding — āļ—āļ”āļŠāļ­āļšāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļēāđƒāļˆ

0/3

Which sentence correctly uses Reported Speech (She said that... / He told me...)?

āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ‚āļĒāļ„āđƒāļ”āđƒāļŠāđ‰ Reported Speech (She said that... / He told me...) āļ–āļđāļāļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡?

"I am busy." → She said she was busy.
Me has do work.
They is going yesterday.
He have not do it.
The first option correctly uses Reported Speech (She said that... / He told me...).

What is the Thai meaning of "stereotype"?

"stereotype" āđāļ›āļĨāļ§āđˆāļēāļ­āļ°āđ„āļĢ?

āļ āļēāļžāļˆāļģ / āļ­āļ„āļ•āļī
āļŠāļļāļ āļēāļž
āļĄāļēāļĢāļĒāļēāļ—
āļ—āđˆāļēāļ—āļēāļ‡
stereotype = āļ āļēāļžāļˆāļģ / āļ­āļ„āļ•āļī

In the workplace, cross-cultural communication is important because:

āđƒāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ—āļģāļ‡āļēāļ™ āļāļēāļĢāļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­āļŠāļēāļĢāļ‚āđ‰āļēāļĄāļ§āļąāļ’āļ™āļ˜āļĢāļĢāļĄ āļŠāļģāļ„āļąāļāđ€āļžāļĢāļēāļ°:

After a meeting with an international client, you need to up
It is not used in Thailand.
Only for tourists.
Nobody needs it.
After a meeting with an international client, you need to up

📝 āļāļēāļĢāļšāđ‰āļēāļ™
Homework

Task 1: Convert 8 direct speech sentences to reported speech.
āđāļ›āļĨāļ‡ 8 āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ‚āļĒāļ„ direct speech āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™ reported speech
Task 2: Write meeting minutes using reported speech for at least 5 points.
āđ€āļ‚āļĩāļĒāļ™āļšāļąāļ™āļ—āļķāļāļāļēāļĢāļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļļāļĄāđ‚āļ”āļĒāđƒāļŠāđ‰ reported speech āļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āļ™āđ‰āļ­āļĒ 5 āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ”āđ‡āļ™
Task 3: Research 3 cultural differences between Thai and Western business practices.
āļ„āđ‰āļ™āļ„āļ§āđ‰āļē 3 āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđāļ•āļāļ•āđˆāļēāļ‡āļ—āļēāļ‡āļ§āļąāļ’āļ™āļ˜āļĢāļĢāļĄāļĢāļ°āļŦāļ§āđˆāļēāļ‡āļ˜āļļāļĢāļāļīāļˆāđ„āļ—āļĒāđāļĨāļ°āļ•āļ°āļ§āļąāļ™āļ•āļ
Task 4: Role-play: Report to your boss what a client said in a meeting.
āđāļŠāļ”āļ‡āļšāļ—āļšāļēāļ—: āļĢāļēāļĒāļ‡āļēāļ™āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļŦāļąāļ§āļŦāļ™āđ‰āļēāļŸāļąāļ‡āļ§āđˆāļēāļĨāļđāļāļ„āđ‰āļēāļžāļđāļ”āļ­āļ°āđ„āļĢāđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļļāļĄ

🎉 āļĒāļīāļ™āļ”āļĩāļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒ! / Congratulations!

āļ„āļļāļ“āļˆāļšāļšāļ—āđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļ™āļŠāļąāļ›āļ”āļēāļŦāđŒāļ—āļĩāđˆ 11 āđāļĨāđ‰āļ§!

You have completed Week 11: Cross-Cultural Communication! Keep growing! āļāđ‰āļēāļ§āļ•āđˆāļ­āđ„āļ›āđ€āļĨāļĒ!